About Being An Author

Carl Shank • October 12, 2022

So, you want to write a book!? There are many good websites and instructional aids for authoring.* Having written now over twenty non-fiction, mostly biblical and theological books, that have been used in a number of churches and with a number of training venues for church leaders, I have learned a few things about writing that I can share with you.


Read through a good style manual. Style manuals, like the Franklin Covey Style Guide for Business and Technical Communication has invaluable information on grammar, punctuation, sentence structure and rules that some of us learned in composition classes, but others have not. Some examples are: (1) Use ‘its” as a possessive and “it’s” as a contraction for “it is;” (2) Use adjectives and adverbs wisely and correctly — “The car engine sounded rough” (not roughly), using an adjective not an adverb; (3) Make sure the verb of the sentence agrees in number with the subject, “Elements of trigonometry are contained in The Elements of Trigonometry, which is difficult for many.” (“The Elements of Trigonometry” is the title of the book and this requires a singular verb form;) (4) Use only the “s” to form the plural after letters, signs, symbols, figures and acronyms and abbreviations, unless an apostrophe is necessary for clarity — 1990s not 1990’s, the Smiths, not the Smith’s, the A’s have it (rather than the As have it); (5) Use concise, active sentences rather than passive, weak and ineffective ones — “Smith’s report contained numerous errors” rather than, “The report cited by Smith was filled with numerous errors.”


Write like you speak. That is, be careful of obtuse, long and confusing sentences. It is unfortunate that academicians have never learned this lesson, and their reports and writings are often too wordy and unduly complicated. This is especially true in the theological treatises and papers I have read throughout my career. What can be said in a few crisp sentences are often encased in long paragraphs which beg the issue or question at hand. 


Be culturally and bias-aware in your writing. Signs of discrimination by race, creed, sex, age or national origin are actually legal issues, not just offensive or poor writing. Thus, “The Native-American woman in our office, Sally, now nearly 65, missed her deadline today,” is not merely in poor taste. It is irrelevant, unfair and likely illegal. It would be more direct and honest to say, “Sally missed her deadline today.” Treat others as you would want to be treated in your writing. Be careful of cliché phrases, such as “girls” for grown women, or “boys” for grown men in a company or office. A wrong phrase could end you up in court, even cost your reputation and certainly your pocketbook. “Stewardess” is “flight attendant,” “manpower” is now “work force,” and “chairman” is now “chair, or chairperson.” Use plural pronouns to refer back to “everyone” or “someone,” as in, “Someone left their pencil at the table.” And, certainly refrain from using hybrid forms in your writing, such as “s/he” or “he/she” or “hisorher.”


Learn to rewrite and rewrite again. After a paragraph, have some friends read it out loud to you. Does it make sense? Is it understandable, clear and cogent? Are the sentences too long? Can you say what you want to say in a better way? Can you eliminate wordy sentences or extraneous comments? Writing is part art, part science, part common sense.


Have your writing proofread. The Covey Guide lists several strategies† — (1) Check format. Does the document look good—with uniform spacing, heading styles, lists? Are emphasis techniques (boldface, italics, etc.) consistently applied? [I would strongly recommend that you let a typographer properly typeset your writing using proven typesetting techniques.] (2) Check content. Is the information correct? Are figures like meeting times, dollar amounts and percentages correct? (3) Check for errors. Using your spell-checker helps, but will not point out a mistaken “their” for “there.” Question every capitalization, punctuation, word division. Question every number and add up figures to make sure sums are accurate. (4) Read the document in different ways, like reading it backwards, to catch errors you can easily miss, or reading it aloud, to slow down and catch errors, or have others read sections at a time.


There are professional firms that can help you make you a better writer. Use them, if the writing or subject is important enough. You can also use a self-publishing service, like Lulu (lulu.com) for some of these services. You must always have them print a proof-copy before they will place it on their site for purchase or have it advertised on Amazon or other marketing companies. This allows you to change and revise and modify where necessary.


Use a graphic designer or professional service for the cover design. Again, self-printing services like Lulu provide cover designers (for a fee) if you need them. And, of course, printing companies will help you in the design and production efforts here.


Above all, enjoy the process! Writing for most of us is a side-job or hobby, not our main profession or job. If and when it gets grueling, take a break, leave it for a while, come back to it later, even much later. Your future and life do not depend upon this book or article. I learned in Christian ministry that to prepare a good sermon for a Sunday morning service takes several rewrites and many changes until the final message. So, I would make a basic outline of the message at the beginning of the week, dream about it, make several changes and scratch out notes on a notepad or computer word processor throughout the week. Then I would put it all together with the changes and things I must leave out for a 30-minute message at the end of the week. And then pray real hard for God to do what the preacher or teacher cannot do in communicating the message!


*I use the Chicago Manual of Style (https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/) and the Franklin Covey Style Guide (Salt Lake, Utah: Franklin Covey, 1985, 1997, 1999) in this blog.

†Covey, 72.


Successful Layout & Design

By Carl Shank • October 13, 2026
Type Trends 2026 Analysis Tiffany Wardle, The Type Founders copy and design service editor, has offered her perspectives on the state of type in 2026 (SEE https://bit.ly/4s5fgNV ) She offers the summary that “no single style has defined 2026.” She, instead, offers that “variety” is the defining feature of 2026 — “traditional and unconventional approaches, maximalism beside restraint, and pairings without an obvious connection that still suit their context.” She notes that familiar or bookish type is found in unexpected roles and scales, that “expressive type is paired with pragmatic type, and that character-rich typefaces used as logotypes with broader use of variable fonts for creativity and performance.” Instead of the traditional typeface advice of carefully selecting faces that harmonize with one another, and the classic sans-serif headlines with serif text, she notes that type in 2026 emphasizes contradiction — “Contradiction gives much current typography its appeal. A bold, mannered display face can sit beside a practical sans serif; the two need no obvious formal connection. Their contrast creates energy. These ideas are not new. Typography has always adapted and recombined earlier approaches for new purposes. What matters now is the particular mix—and the wide range of methods that can feel contemporary at once.” The age-old sage advice, that I posted in 2021, notes this about how to use and combine typefaces — "Robert Bringhurst wisely says — “The best type for a book about bicycle racing will be, first of all, an inherently good type. Second, it will be a good type for books, which is to say, a good type for comfortable long-distance reading. Third, it will be a type sympathetic to the theme. It will probably be lean, strong and swift; perhaps it will also be Italian. But it is unlikely to be carrying excess ornament or freight, and unlikely to be indulging in a masquerade.” ( The Elements of Typographic Style , 91). Jan White echoes this sentiment about choosing type in How To Spec Type — “There is no such thing as 'right' or 'correct' use of type. There is only vivid and eloquent effectiveness, or numbing and misleading ineffectiveness.” (10) Consequently, a math textbook will use a different typeface than a slogan on a can of soda or a bottle of wine. White suggests the following questions for the would-be use of a typeface in any context — [1] Does the way the type is handled in a specific circumstance fulfill its purpose? [2] Is it doing the job efficiently? [3] Is the message coming through clearly and vividly? is the message jumping off the page into the reader's mind crispy and memorably? (10) He goes on to say that “good typography is transparent, like blister-packaging — exposing the content inside and letting it speak for itself.” He agrees with Bringhurst about the use of type ornaments — “too often typography is used like gift wrapping, in the hope that cosmetic prettification will make the package seem more desirable.” (10) So then, “good typography links the verbal with the visual to produce arresting results. Good typography clarifies. It articulates. It elucidates. It expresses meaning.” (11) Many would-be editors and writers and office personnel try too hard when it comes to setting type. With the thousands of possible typefaces that are on the market today, produced by would-be typographers, playing with digital type producing programs, many people can get overwhelmed and confused and frustrated by what typeface to use.”(SEE my blog “How To Choose the Right Type for the Right Job,” March 29, 2021, www.caretypography.com ) This age-old and wise advice has been supplanted, I would suggest, by a post-modern theoretical, indeed theological, cast. Like Dutch De Stijl (See Reference ), or Dadaism (See Reference ), or Psychedelic (See Reference ) or Punk (See Reference ), or Grunge type (See Reference ), the cultural context of rebellion against any typography rules of readability and legibility and well-defined type go out the window in favor of whatever gives “energy” to an ad or a poster or a book that wins the day. Wardle goes on to say about 2026 type combinations — “Unexpected roles. Bookish, text-oriented, or familiar type appears at surprising scales or in applications not usually associated with it. Contrasting character. Maximalist or highly expressive type sits beside pragmatic type, with the overall composition mattering more than obvious stylistic harmony.” She says these contrasts “invite closer attention to the content and reasoning behind each choice.” Post-modernism rejects absolutes and what I would call “common-sense” order and structure. Everyone makes up their own rules, their own agendas, their own type combinations, ignoring centuries of time-tested typography. This is what “feeling contemporary” means. If I am correct, then the 2026 typeface choices and patterns will likewise disappear from regular use. Using what has been called display type for “normal” use betrays one of White’s criticisms — “too often typography is used like gift wrapping, in the hope that cosmetic prettification will make the package seem more desirable.” What is important is what is on the inside of the package, not the audacious gift wrapping.  I would imagine that Wardle would point to White’s other typography notes that say “good typography links the verbal with the visual to produce arresting results. Good typography clarifies. It articulates. It elucidates. It expresses meaning.” She might point out the “energy” aspect of 2026 type choices and combinations and maintain that they accomplish the same thing as White suggests. I am not at all sure about that. Some of Fonts In Use samples below are what Wardle highlights (SEE https://fontsinuse.com ). You make the judgment call.
By Carl Shank • September 9, 2026
Typeface characteristics are the visual and structural features that distinguish one typeface from another. They determine a typeface’s historical appearance, readability, personality, and appropriate use. Useful Ways to Analyze Any Typeface. When examining an unfamiliar typeface, ask these questions in order (provided by ChatGPT) — Does it have serifs? What kind of serifs? How much thick/thin contrast is present? What is the stress angle? What is the x-height? How wide or narrow are the letters? How are the counters constructed? What do the terminals look like? What are distinctive letters such as a, g, e, R, and Q doing? How does the typeface behave in a paragraph—open, dark, dense, airy, mechanical, or calligraphic? What historical or technological process does its construction suggest? What personality does the combination of these characteristics produce? There are a number of online sources to help identify typefaces ( See Feb. 6, 2022 Blog for more explanation and use.) Sources include — MyFonts ( www.myfonts.com/WhatTheFont ), FontSquirrel ( www.fontsquirrel.com/matcherator ) WhtFontIs ( www.whatfontis.com ) Identifont ( www.identifont.com ) is one of the best. Here are the questions it will ask you — Does it have feet (serifs) or not (sans-serifs)? What style is the tail on uppercase Q? What style is the ampersand (the &)? Is the numeral “4” open or closed? What style of vertical line does the Dollar sign ($) have? How high is the center vertex of the uppercase M? Sit on the line or not? What type of bar does the uppercase G have? How far below the baseline does the uppercase J extend? What about the uppercase R? How far does the center bar extend? Is there a gap with the vertical part of the letter? Does it meet or cross the vertical? What about the question mark (?) What shape is the dot at the bottom? Is it circular, square, triangular, rectangular or even missing? The important point is that a typeface should not be identified by a single characteristic. Its identity comes from the interaction of serifs, contrast, stress, proportions, counters, terminals, spacing, and letterform construction.
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